Date of Award

2019

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Education

Abstract

The purpose of this quantitative study was to find out the current implementation levels of non-cognitive skills such as mindset, grit, and 21 st Century Skills by principals in Indiana schools that house Grades 3-8. After sending out 1,416 surveys to principals across the state, 94 responses were recorded. This study attempted to identify whether the gender of a principal, years of experience of a principal, school type, location of school, and poverty/affluence makeup are factors in the mindset, grit, and 21 st Century Skills composite scores. As a result of this quantitative study, statistically significant differences between principals with 0-5 years of experiences and 11-15 years of experience. The study shows that principals with 11-15 years of experience had significantly higher growth mindset than those of principals with 0-5 years of experience. There was also a statistically significant difference found between rural and urban schools. It was found that teachers in rural schools have more grit and implement more 21 st Century Skills than teachers in urban schools.

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