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Health Care Competency

Abstract

The majority of the world population is experiencing more stress after the COVID-19 pandemic. Working in an outpatient healthcare setting it can be expected that patients will present with stress in combination with other perceptions of pain related to injury. Stress alone may be the cause of pain perception especially in patients who present with no specific mechanism of injury. There is a need for a quick full-body approach to assessment and treatment while considering the stress response to injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of Primal Reflex Release Technique (PRRT) Primals on pain and stress in adolescents and young adults with any neuromusculoskeletal injury. A total of 45 patients (28 females, 17 males; Age 20.4 ± 2.37 years) participated in the study. A one-time treatment session involving the PRRT Plantar (with variation) followed by the Palmar Release performed sequentially and with full treatment completed in less than three minutes. The clinicians assessed the participant’s subjective pain and stress pre-intervention and post-intervention. The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Stress Numeric Rating Scale-11 (SNRS-11), and the One-Minute NocioceptivExam™ (1MNE) were the main outcome measures. A paired-sample t-test showed a statistically significant mean difference between the pre- and post-treatment measurements. The mean change in NPRS scores was 1.76 ± 1.41 (40%) also meeting the Minimally Clinical Important Difference (MCID) of ≥33%, the mean change in SNRS-11 scores was 2.20 ± 1.22 (42%) and meeting the NPRS MCID of ≥2 and ≥33%, and the mean change in the 1MNE was 6.82 ± 3.58 (50%). The PRRT Plantar (with variation) and Palmar release appear to be helpful techniques in reducing patient pain perception and stress within one treatment session. Future research warrants further investigation on the effects of PRRT on a patient’s perceived pain and stress.

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